Transformers

Transformers transfer electrical energy between circuits through magnetic coupling — enabling voltage conversion, impedance matching, and galvanic isolation. This category includes power transformers (AC mains, chassis mount), pulse transformers (for gate drive and Ethernet), current sense transformers, audio transformers, isolation transformers, toroidal transformers, and planar transformers. Key parameters: primary/secondary voltage, power rating (VA), turns ratio, frequency range, isolation voltage, and mounting style (PCB through-hole, chassis, SMD). For pulse transformers: turns ratio, ET product (volt-second), and leakage inductance. For LAN/Ethernet: insertion loss and return loss per IEEE 802.3. Popular manufacturers: Pulse Electronics, Wurth Elektronik, Bourns, Murata, Triad Magnetics, Hammond, and Eaton.