The Missing Science Of Robotic Systems

Robotics is entering a new era. Foundation models, vision-language-action systems, world models, and generative AI are transforming what robots can perceive, reason about, and do. In this white paper, Federico Pecora, Senior Principal Robotics Research Lead at Arm, explores the systems-level challenges shaping the future of robotics. The paper examines the architectural challenges that must be solved to enable the next generation of intelligent, trustworthy, and scalable physical AI systems.